Agency (Real
Estate Representation)
and you.
Before you begin working with an agent it is
important to understand that Massachusetts Law and New Hampshire
Law provides for different types of representation and Broker/Agent
relationships (or agency) for both buyers and sellers. At your
first personal meeting to discuss a specific property or
properties, real estate agents (brokers and sales representatives)
must give you a Massachusetts Mandatory Licensee-Consumer
Relationship Disclosure (Agency Disclosure) Form or New Hampshire
Disclosure Form. The purpose of this form is to disclose the
agent's relationship with you or any other party to the transaction
(buyer or seller). This form is not a contract. The form
also includes an explanation of the different types of agency
relationships (real estate representation) such as:
Definition of Agency
"Agency" means a fiduciary relationship between a
principal or client and an agent arising out of a brokerage
agreement whereby the agent is engaged to do certain acts on behalf
of the principal or client in dealings with a third party.
The Professionals
-
Real Estate Agent: A person who has been
issued a license to sell real estate in Massachusetts and/or New
Hampshire
-
Broker (principal broker): The owner or
manager of a real estate company or company branch office. The
agent in charge of the other real estate agents or sales associates
and everything that happens in the real estate office or branch
office. Real estate brokers are issued a separate license by
Massachusetts and New Hampshire and have more training than real
estate sales agents and sales associates.
-
REALTOR: A member of the leading trade
organization for real estate agents, the National Association of
REALTORS (NAR), The Massachusetts Association or REALTORS (MAR) and
The North East Association of REALTORS
(NEAR).
Duties
A licensee or real estate agent who provides
services through a brokerage agreement for a seller, landlord,
buyer, or tenant is bound by the duties of:
-
Loyalty: Put her/his client's interests
above the agent's own interests.
-
Obedience: Obey all lawful instructions of
her/his client.
-
Accounting: Duty to protect all money
given or documents signed.
-
Reasonable Care: Use her/his skill and
expertise to the benefit of her/his client.
-
Disclosure: Must disclose all pertinent
facts relating to the transaction.
-
Confidentiality: Must keep private
information confidential.
Seller's Agent (MA,NH)
A seller can engage the services of a real estate
agent to sell his property (called the listing agent) and the real
estate agent is then the agent for the seller who becomes the
agent's client. This means that the real estate agent represents
the seller. The agent owes the seller undivided loyalty, reasonable
care, disclosure, obedience to lawful instruction, confidentiality
and accountability, provided, however, that the agent must disclose
known material defects in the real estate. The agent must put the
seller's interests first and negotiate for the best price and terms
for their client, the seller. (The seller may authorize sub-agents
to represent him/her in marketing its property to buyers, however
the seller should be aware that wrongful action by the real estate
agent or sub-agents may subject the seller to legal liability for
those wrongful actions).
Buyer's Agent (MA,NH)
A buyer can engage the services of a real estate
agent to purchase property and the real estate agent is then the
agent for the buyer who becomes the agent's client. This means that
the real estate agent represents the buyer. The agent owes the
buyer undivided loyalty, reasonable care, disclosure, obedience to
lawful instruction, confidentiality and accountability, provided,
however, that the agent must disclose known material defects in the
real estate. The agent must put the buyer's interests first and
negotiate for the best price and terms for their client, the buyer.
(The buyer may also authorize sub-agents to represent him/her in
purchasing property, however the buyer should be aware that
wrongful action by the real estate agent or sub-agents may subject
the buyer to legal liability for those wrongful actions).
Sub-Agency (NH)
When an agent who brings a buyer for another
company's listing, the buyer's representative is in effect working
on behalf of the listing agent and the seller, owing them fiduciary
duties equal to the seller agent. Sub-Agency is just about dead
most everywhere now, as it wasn't good for the buyers and made
brokers and sellers vicariously liable for the actions or errors of
the buyer's representative.
Facilitator (MA) or Non-Agent (NH)
When a real estate agent works as a facilitator
that agent assists the seller and buyer in reaching an agreement
but does not represent either the seller or buyer in the
transaction. The facilitator and the broker with whom the
facilitator is affiliated owe the seller and buyer a duty to
present each property honestly and accurately by disclosing known
material defects about the property and owe a duty to account for
funds. Unless otherwise agreed, the facilitator has no duty to keep
information received from a seller or buyer confidential. The role
of facilitator applies only to the seller and buyer in the
particular property transaction involving the seller and buyer.
Should the seller and buyer expressly agree a facilitator
relationship can be changed to become an exclusive agency
relationship with either the seller or the buyer.
Designated Sellers's and Buyer's Agent (MA)
A real estate agent can be designated by another
real estate agent (the appointing or designating agent) to
represent either the buyer or seller, provided the buyer or seller
expressly agrees to such designation. The real estate agent once so
designated is then the agent for either the buyer or seller who
becomes their client. The designated agent owes the buyer or seller
undivided loyalty, reasonable care, disclosure, obedience to lawful
instruction, confidentiality and accountability, provided, however,
that the agent must disclose known material defects in the real
estate. The agent must put their client's interests first and
negotiate for the best price and terms for their client. In
situations where the appointing agent designates another agent to
represent the seller and an agent to represent the buyer then the
appointing agent becomes a dual agent. Consequently a dual agent
cannot satisfy fully the duties of loyalty, full disclosure,
obedience to lawful instructions which is required of an exclusive
seller or buyer agent. The dual agent does not represent either the
buyer or the seller solely only your designated agent represents
your interests. The written consent for designated agency must
contain the information provided for in the regulations of the
Massachusetts Board of Registration of Real Estate Brokers and
Salespeople (Board). A sample designated agency consent is
available at the Board's website at www.mass.gov/dpl/re.
Dual Agent (MA,NH)
A real estate agent may act as a dual agent
representing both the seller and buyer in a transaction but only
with the express and informed consent of both the seller and buyer.
Written consent to dual agency must be obtained by the real estate
agent prior to the execution of an offer to purchase a specific
property. A dual agent shall be neutral with regard to any
conflicting interest of the seller and buyer. Consequently a dual
agent cannot satisfy fully the duties of loyalty, full disclosure,
obedience to lawful instructions which is required of an exclusive
seller or buyer agent. A dual agent does, however, still owe a duty
of confidentiality of material information and accounting for
funds. The written consent for dual agency must contain the
information provided for in the regulations of the Massachusetts
and New HAmpshire Board of Registration of Real Estate Brokers and
Salespeople (Board). A sample dual agency consent is available at
the Board's website at www.mass.gov/dpl/re.
Before you share information with an agent about
your needs, motivation, time line or financial concerns, be sure
you understand whether or not that agent is working only in
your best interests. This information may affect your bargaining
position when negotiating a transaction.
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